The role of peer support education model on the quality of life and self-care behaviors of patients with myocardial infarction

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the effect of peer education on the quality of life and self-care behaviors of patients with myocardial infarction.MethodsIn this clinical trial, 70 patients with myocardial infarction meeting the inclusion criteria were assigned to experimental (n = 35) or control (n = 35) groups using block randomization. Patients in the intervention group received two one-hour training sessions on the third day after myocardial infarction during the CCU stay along with routine care. Education intervention was performed by peers. The control group will follow routine care. All patients selected were assessed using McNews' quality of life questionnaire and Miller self-care questionnaire, respectively before the intervention and also one month after discharge. Chi-square and t-test were used to analyze the data.ResultsAfter the intervention, the mean of quality of life and the mean score of self-care behaviors in the experimental group were significantly higher compared to the control group.ConclusionsAccording to the results, to improve the quality of life and promote the self-care behaviors in such patients, using peer education along with healthcare professionals is recommended.Practice ImplicationThis patient education approach had a significant impact on quality of life and self-care behavior.     

支架模式在护理临床教学老师急救教学能力培养中的构建

目的构建支架模式以提升护理临床教师的急救教学能力。方法基于最近发展区理论构建支架式模式,并分析其优势。结果以搭建支架-导入情境-协作学习-独立探索-效果评价5个步骤为基本环节的支架模式的构建顺利完成。结论支架模式在护理临床教师急救教学能力培养中具有一定可行性及适用性。     

Sexual Relationships with Educators

Abstract

This study of sexually oriented relationships between educators/field instructors and their students/supervisees was conceptualized to add to existing knowledge of the incidence and impact on master of social work students of sexually intimate relationships, sexual advances, and first-hand knowledge of such relationships. The present study gathers data from male and female subjects regarding sexual contact experiences with educators/field instructors during masters-level training and reports both the extent and perceptions of the impact of such relationships both at the time of the contact and at present. For comparative purposes, random samples were used from two national professional organizations both comprised of primarily masters-level practitioners. Most similar previous studies within mental-health professions have focused exclusively on doctoral-level experiences and female subjects.     

Changes in Locus-of-Control Attitudes about Drug Misuse in a Self-Help Group in a Methadone Maintenance Clinic

Clients of a methadone-maintenance clinic in Brooklyn, New York participating in a clinically-guided self-help (CGSH) program plus standard treatment (methadone maintenance plus individual counseling) demonstrated statistically significant changes in locus-of-control beliefs, from external to internal causation, about personal responsibility for drug misuse. Members of two control groups—one participating in a didactic lecture program plus standard treatment and the other receiving only standard treatment—failed to demonstrate similar changes. This increase in internal locus of control in the CGSH group suggests the potential efficacy of CGSH as a relapse-prevention therapeutic technique.     

Effect of computer-based instruction on students' self-perception and functional task performance

Purpose.?This study was designed to investigate the effects of computer-based instruction (CBI) on the academic self-perception and functional ability of high school students with learning difficulties.

Method.?Fifty high school students were assigned to one of two groups: (1) CBI or (2) a regular English language arts classroom, the comparison group. Students in the CBI group used the assistive reading software, Kurzweil 3000 (K-3000), intensively for 10 weeks. This specific CBI tool provides reading and auditory presentation of text and study-skills tools. Before and after the intervention period, standardised measurements such as self-perception profile for learning disabled students (SPPLD), the self-perception profile for adolescents and self-developed questionnaires such as a job application form were used to probe students' academic self-perception and functional task performance.

Results.?Repeated measure analyses of SPPLD revealed that the CBI group made more progress than comparison group on the reading competence subscale and general competence subscale. Repeated measure analyses of the job application form demonstrated similar results that the CBI group made more progress in filling out the education information section and the work experience information section.

Conclusion.?The results suggest that the K-3000 software program improves academic self-perception and functional task performance of high school students with learning difficulties.     

Peer workers’ perceptions and experiences of barriers to implementation of peer worker roles in mental health services: A literature review

ObjectivesTo identify peer workers’ perceptions and experiences of barriers to implementation of peer worker roles in mental health services.DesignReview of qualitative and quantitative studies.Data sourcesA comprehensive electronic database search was conducted between October 2014 and December 2015 in PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, and PsycARTICLES. Additional articles were identified through handsearch.Review methodsAll articles were assessed on quality. A thematic analysis informed by a multi-level approach was adopted to identify and discuss the main themes in the individual studies. Reporting was in line with the ‘Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research’ statement.ResultsEighteen articles met the inclusion criteria. All studies adopted qualitative research methods, of which three studies used additional quantitative methods. Peer workers’ perceptions and experiences cover a range of themes including the lack of credibility of peer worker roles, professionals’ negative attitudes, tensions with service users, struggles with identity construction, cultural impediments, poor organizational arrangements, and inadequate overarching social and mental health policies.ConclusionsThis review can inform policy, practice and research from the unique perspective of peer workers. Mental health professionals and peer workers should enter into an alliance to address barriers in the integration of peer workers and to enhance quality of service delivery. Longitudinal research is needed to determine how to address barriers in the implementation of peer worker roles.     

A comparison of fluency training and discrete trial instruction to teach letter sounds to children with ASD: Acquisition and learning outcomes

The study investigated the efficacy of fluency training (FT) and discrete trial instruction (DTI) to teach phonic reading to individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), with particular emphasis on the acquisition of correct letter-sound correspondence and the learning outcomes of behavioural fluency instruction. An alternating-treatment design was employed to compare the treatment effects of FT versus DTI for the acquisition, retention, stability, endurance, and application of phonics in four children with ASD. The results showed that for two participants, FT was more efficient for the acquisition of correct letter-sound correspondence. For the remaining two participants, DTI resulted in more rapid acquisition. For all four participants, FT produced better results during post-test retention, endurance, stability, and application checks. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to reading instruction, as well as the use of rate-building procedures with individuals with ASD.     

高校体育的情绪策略应用

情绪因素在高校体育教学的实施中具有重要作用。利用心理学关于情绪情感规律的研究成果，从建立和谐友好的教学氛围、提高体育教学中学生的参与程度、确立教师引导建议型“顾问式”积极角色等多个角度，实现提高体育教学质量、完善学生人格的目的。